| dc.description.abstract | Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the composition, fluoride content, and potential health risks of fluoride-containing children's toothpaste available in Turkey. Given the rising concerns over fluoride toxicity and market trends favoring fluoride-free products, the study also evaluated the presence of potentially harmful excipients and assessed their compliance with international pediatric dental guidelines. Methods: A total of 92 children's toothpaste products were identified through Turkey-based online marketplaces, of which 18 (19.56%) contained fluoride. Fluoride concentrations were classified into 500-990 ppm (9.78%) and 1000 ppm (9.78%), the latter aligning with European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) recommendations. A comprehensive ingredient analysis was performed, categorizing compounds based on their function, prevalence, and toxicity risk. The safety of these ingredients was further assessed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases to determine their documented health effects. Results: The majority (80.44%) of children's toothpaste products were fluoride-free, raising concerns regarding effective caries prevention. Additionally, fluoridated products contained potentially harmful preservatives (Sodium Benzoate-44.44%), surfactants (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate-5.55%), and whitening agents (Titanium Dioxide-27.77%), all of which have been linked to cytotoxic, irritative, or systemic toxic effects. Conclusions: These findings highlight a disparity between fluoride availability and professional recommendations, emphasizing the need for improved regulatory oversight, consumer education, and safer pediatric oral care formulations. Given growing concerns about fluoride toxicity, future research should explore fluoride-free remineralization alternatives such as hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate-based compounds. | en_US |
